1. What is GGI (Gender Gap Index)?
GGI is one of the national gender equality indexes presented at the World Economic Forum. The evaluation criteria are 'economic participation and opportunity', 'educational achievement', 'health and survival', and 'political authority'. A similar example is the GII, which basically looks at the visible gaps as a result of inequality or discrimination and analyzes how GII is ensuring basic survival for women. Includes gaps due to socio-cultural and economic structural factors, including GGI and GII.
2. Possibility of misunderstanding
This data is especially quoted in Korea. In particular, it is often cited in feminist camps. The problem is that GGI is a gender GAP index, not gender EQUALITY index. In Korea, however, GGI is used as a gender equality index. GGI adopts the method of relative evaluation. It only reflects the gender gap in men and does not reflect the discrimination of men. Therefore, even if the male literacy rate and the male wage are much lower, there is a blind point of the female illiteracy rate and the index which is higher when the female wage is higher. Therefore, it is accurate that it is the index of the relative status of women to men. For example, as of 2015, Korea is ranked lower than Islamic African countries where civil war, collective rape, female circumcision, and honor killings occur.
3. Conclusion
The concept of gender equality can vary depending on the cultural and social characteristics of each country. In addition, since the measurement methods used by each indicator are different, it is not desirable to blindly compute statistics only unconditionally. Therefore, it is important to look at various statistical data together, and to take a close look at the details of each indicator.
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