1) Summary
Deviance is a behavior that violates cultural norms.Norms are social expectations that guide human behavior.
Deviation is divided into formal deviations and informal deviations. Officially deviations include crime and informal deviations violate informal social norms or include abnormal behaviors.
Because cultural norms are relative, deviations, which are out of norms, are also relative.
Theories of Deviance
Psychological and Biological Explanations: People with behavioral disorders have different brain structures.
Merton's Anomi(Social-Strain Typology)
He saw deviance occurs when there is a discrepancy between 'cultural goals' and 'institutional means'.
Next chart shows types
( '+' means accept, '-' means reject)
(reference : http://m.blog.daum.net/silence-love/472)
Type
|
Cultural goals
|
Institutional means
|
Example
|
conformity
|
+
|
+
|
Normal behavior
|
innovation
|
+
|
-
|
Steal, rob
|
ritualism
|
-
|
+
|
Custom, ritual
|
retreatism
|
-
|
-
|
Psychosis, wanderer
|
rebellion
|
Rejecting existing value Replacing new value
|
Rejecting existing value Replacing new value
|
Revolution, riot (social change)
|
Structural-Functionalism : The view that deviance plays an important role in society
Conflict-Theory : Perspectives that deviations occur due to differences in wealth and power. Socially, lower-level people are more likely to be exposed to crime than those who are higher-level.
Labeling theory : The theory of labeling is the theory that if an individual is labeled as a deviant person, the individual accepts the identity as a deviant.
If the deviater accepts the identity, the past acts of the deviate may be reinterpreted in the light of the new deviant identity. The process of reinterpreting past behavior in light of its current identity is called retrospective labeling.
2. Question
1. According to the conflict theory, if a conflict occurs, is the deviation occurs inevitable?
2. How can we promote social cohesion by sacrificing deviant actors in terms of Structural-functionalism?
3. Discussion
If an individual who is labeled in the labeling theory accepts the identity of deviants and the stigma disappears, does the identity return to its original state? If not, how can we restore identity (pre-departure identity)? Or do you need to restore your identity?
In my opinion, I need to restore identity according to levels of deviant behavior. Those who committed sinful crimes such as sex crimes or serial killings cannot be forgiven, but since sins such as theft of life are able to commit crimes by accident in the environment, such people should be given the chance to recover from their former identity and live in society. I think the way to restore those people's identities is to recognize them as normal so that they do not have the identity of the deviant actors who form the pre-departure identity or the new identity through the re-socialization in the prison and those who came into the society.
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