Introduction to Sociology / Deviance/HARI KIM

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Deviance

Summary)

Deviation is a violation of cultural norms. Deviations can be generally divided into formal deviations and informal deviations. A formal departure is a violation of the law formally established. Informal deviations are a violation of informal social norms that are not codified by law.

Structural functionalism in explaining deviation theory argues that deviation plays an important role in society. Deviation helps to distinguish acceptable behavior from unacceptable behavior. This is an important function that affirms the cultural values and norms of society to the members of society. Deviations can also promote social cohesion. As such, structural functionalism sees deviance as doing some important function in society.

The conflict theory says that a clear example of how deviance reflects power imbalance is in the reporting and tracking of crime. White-collar crime is usually a crime committed by individuals of higher social classes. These white-collar crimes are less likely to be tracked, less likely to report, less likely to be prosecuted, and more likely to be blocked by people of higher social class. Criminal activity is tied to inequality and power. Another example is when the motive for committing a property crime is a lack of money and resources. Many individuals who commit property crime do so because they need money. Also, many less affluent people may lack education about how to manage money and finances, which can lead to a cycle of poverty and crime. It can be seen that deviations are largely reflected in the effects of inequality and power.

Labeling theory is a theory that is defined as a result of socio-cultural evaluation and alienation of specific behavior. This labeling theory argues that people are strangely changed as a result of people pushing their identity and adopting that identity. In other words, labeling theory argues that applying labels to individuals is an important factor leading to unusual behaviors.

Crime statistics are generally collected by the government to report criminal activity incidents. They are useful not only for notifying the extent of criminal activity but for various reasons. Another way of crime statistics than simply reporting criminal activity is to emphasize the differences between different groups. Men are more likely to commit violent crimes than women. Research also shows that the higher the crime rate is, the more poverty is concentrated, the retail industry is reduced, and the turnover rate is increased..

Social control refers to the various means that society members use to restore members according to cultural norms. Social controls that control deviations include formal social controls and informal social controls. Formal social control refers to the social components designed to re-socialize individuals who violate the official rules. Examples include prisons and mental health institutions. Informal social control refers to social elements designed to strengthen informal cultural norms. For example, parent discipline.

New/Interesting things I learned)

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Among the current research on deviations that emphasize the nature of socially constructed norms, a study of tattoos was of particular interest. We often refer to tattoos as one of the deviant behaviors. Tattoos are very complex illustrations of the complexity of deviations. Many of those who tattoo their bodies are highly successful students. Also, tattoos are increasing among women. What is interesting is that men and women do tattoos for other reasons. For men, strengthen masculinity and women for femininity. Through this difference, we learned another example of how behavior varies according to gender.

It was also interesting that the meaning of tattoos is changing. Although tattooing does not change the meaning of tattoos, the way tattoos are viewed is changing. While a tattoo may mean one thing for a person with a tattoo, others say that they interpret the tattoo in a number of ways. In the early 1900s, tattoos were virtually indicted and very branded to be used as evidence of injustice and reputation. In the present society, it is no longer caused by extreme stigmatization. Of course today tattoos are often considered drug abuse, bitterness and gang affiliation. Today, however, I thought that a lot of people are doing tattoos and that I should be able to look at tattoos as a self-expression.

Discussion Point)

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Labeling theory is that when people are branded as deviants by others, deviations occur because they act according to the unilateral attitudes and expectations of others who treat themselves. The limitation of labeling theory is that it can not explain the primary deviation. The labeling theory focuses on the primary deviations, ie, the process of secondary deviations as a result of stigmatization after unintentional, accidental crime. Therefore, it is criticized that the secondary deviation can be explained but it can not explain the primary deviation that happens accidentally without stigmatization.

And not all those who commit deviant behavior are equally stigmatized as deviant actors. A person who enjoys a socially recognized position with a high level of education, even if he or she has committed the same deviant behavior, may be considered a mistake, but those who are not properly trained and have no specific job are treated more strictly . Therefore, we should deal with deviance in a balanced way. I wonder how you think you should define deviations.